Friction disk and method of making the same



-Psienied Apes, 1940 x 2,196,559.; ,l

UNITI-1l? STATES" PATENT bori-ics i rmc'rloiv msx Tnggrion orMAkiN-G l l l Arthur D. Stroehla vand Louis E. Richter, Middletown, Conn., assignors to The Russell Manufacturlng' Company, Middletown, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut i y continuation ci application sensi No. 51,659, January 6, 1936.4 This application January itl,4 Y

1939, Serial N o. 252,054 v 8 Claims. ((21. 1544-2) 'I'his invention relates to improvementsr in fricto be as generic in their application.v as the prior tion disks and methods of making the same,l and -art willl permit. more particularly to friction disks and methods Referring to Fis. 1 of the drawing: fabric in of making the same, 'for use in clutches or the the fOrm 0f time vil iS formed 0f Warp Strands. like; f yarns or threads li, and the weft strands or vi5 This application is a continuation of our appli- VPitl 'l2 fimed 0f wire; Such, for example, aS cation Serial N. 57,659 led January 6, 1936.v rass- 4 n Oneobject of this invention is to provide an Instead 0f fdrming the Weit Strands 0f wire, improved dense, clutch friction disk having af d fabric in the form 0f tapev i3, Such aS illusmore uniform coefficient of friction throughout trated in Fig. 3, may be formed 0f Similar Warp 10 the useful ure-of the' friction disk as the isti-,er strands Ii and with weft strands or 'picks Il is being worn down while in use. lof the same material as the warp strands Il. ,In-

Another object of this invention is to provide stead df fOrm-ing a fabric 01 tape by'We-V'lng. il"l an improved clutch friction disk having vmaximay be formed by any other 0f thel known mum resistance to bursting by centrifugal fore methods of interlaclng strands such as, for exam- 15 Another object'f this invention is to provide Ilild, by brdidingan improved method of making clutch friction If the particular type of friction disk to be disks. c made is to have rubber composition in it as the With the aboveother objects in vie ','1 this binding or hardening material, the tape I0 or invention includes. all improvements over s, the I3 ii'pl'eferbly l'St Saturated With drying Oil 20 I vvprim' art wnicnare disclosed in theapp1icetion'.= sueh, for exemple, as China-wood oil, and after In the accompanying drawlng,inwl1ich certain heating and drying, the tape is impregnated by Ways of carrying out the inventionare showni'or treating it lwith d binding 0r bonding 0r hardenillustrative p f ing or vulcanizable material or compound such,

1111305882 v Fig. 1 is a face view ora fragment of a length for exemple. as rubber plus fillers; drying oils 25 y of textile-base material, used for making friction rind/'01'v aSPhaltS. t0 produce a treated tape such disks in accordance with this invention; as i5 in Fig. 2. If the friction disk is to be made. Fig. 2 is s. view similar to Fig-1, of the length vwith synthetic resin instead of rubber-containing materials, then the preliminary impregnationl of textile-base material after it has been treated 3o with e binding or'h'srdening materiel codpricrv 'with' drying ou may be omitted1 the tope io or 30 i to the formation of the friction disk; y Il being directly impregnated by treating it with Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. i, of' a length synthetic resin material. of another form of textile-base material; A -It 4Will'be underSfOOd that the Strands, yarns Fig. 4 is e diagrammatic side-elevation iiidsr 01' threads may 'be mede 0i any desired materialtrating one mode of winding a length of material one suc? lal'i gn' exgmple I ni; cfnslst 0f. 35

a is e mi -1 i 3 if fm i is: :ist is: si; 'syntax-pi: es mms karin egnammng cotton liber for strengthening purposes, although View 'taken on the une F5 0f mg. 4, e otherI percentages of these materials may be used. 40 Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic sectional v'iew similar 'H andl thnwet 'nids tch" 4 y .e l n f the arepro e examp es us ra n e :i wm, www gef mmm i '-brass,` coro ers emea.v reel and the bOilSl thereof removed, and with 8 1! a length 0f tape, Such ffjr` example as u outside sizing er limit-ring added thereto: oneof the tapes` shown in Figs. 1 and a, has been 45 Fig. '1 is a diagrammatic view somewhat Simfuliyrtreated .or impregnated with binding-or lidi'` t0 Fig. 6, after thermally-Wound disk-has hardening material as hereinbeiore described; been axially cmprssed' in fdrnlng the Spiral such treated or impregnated tape .is wound in the disk) and form of, a;continuousor endless spiral (Fig. 4)

' Fig. 8 is a'rfront elevation of -a textile-hase on areel l1 mounted to rotate on an axle i8.'501l endless or continuous clutchzfriction disk made, Thereel l1 .,may, fol-example yconsist of two in accordance with lthis invention. opposed large-diameter plates I9 land 2li, and a In the followingdescriptionand claims.' the small core or drum-plate 2l. Plate 2l may be various parts and steps are identified byspecic secured to plate i9 by countersunk rivetsA 22 or l u names for convenience, but they are intended other suitable dnea'ns, or plates 2i and IB-'may 55 fue' remixed integrale" with each cth-ersv me three f plates i9, and 2| I are firmly clampedtogether 'strand projections or projecting portions such by means. of bolts 23 and nuts-2l, with the plate 2|.spaeed from the plate 29 by washers 2l. The spacing between the large-diameter outside plates i9 and'20 is providedto be just sufllcient to permit the width of'the tape to be contained between the plates i9 and 20. After a slumcientv amount of the tape has been wound upon the drum-plate 2| to produce a friction disk of desired outside diameter, one or more 'nails 29 may the tape from unwinding, or the endlof the .tape

can be held from unwinding by any other sult- 4 able means, after which the end-portion 21 (Figs 4)..of the tapeis cjut oil. 'Ihe nuts 24 are then unscrewed and the bolts v23 and washers Il, to-

gether with the plate 20, are removed tol leave" the remaining parts illustrated in Fig. 6.

If desired, an outside' sizing or limit-ring 29 may be placed outside of the crudely-formed disk 29, as shown in Fig. 6, for a purpose to be presently described. The assembly illustrated in Fig. 6 is then subjected to pressure between the dies or pressure-plates 39 and 3| of apress which compresses the disk 29 axially of itself and edgewise of the tape layers or portions 22, to compress the disk as illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 7. Heat is preferably also applied to the disk 29 in the pressing operation by having the dies 39 and 3i heated, to bring about the hardening and uniformity of the disk. i When the heating and pressing operation illustrated diagrammatically inFigs. 6 and 'i takes place, the binding or hardening material, as is well known to those skilled in the art, softens up to a plastic condition and flows between the strands of the lfabric or tape and acts somewhat as a heavy lubricant. 'I'his facilitates the shifting of the strands` under pressurelso that the as 33 (Fig. 3) of one convolution of the Openconstruction fabric or'tape, ilnd and sink down into the openings or spaces or interstices or depressions or recesses or recessed portions ll between the strands of an adjacent convolution to cause the interstices and projections (on opno-.A

site sides of a convolution of the fabric)4 to respectively nest or internest with adiacent'projections and interstices of adjacent convolutions of the fabric to cause strand portions of adjacent convolutions to interlock or interengage with each other. The openings in the open-construction fabric also facilitate more perfectpenetration of the binding material into the fabric. Where metallic .wires are used as shown and described in this application, the metallic wires or strands of adjacent convolutions become interengaged or interlocked vwith each other during the heatin and pressing. The interlocking or interengaging action greatly increases the resistance of the finished ydisk to `bursting by centrifugal force and to shearing or pulling out at the rivet holesordinarily drilled through the disk for usein fastening the disk .to the clutch plate'.

. The pressing and heating or baking. operations to which the disk will besubjected may, of course,

vary in any desired way, and vwill be varied to suit the particular binding or hardening or impregnating materials `usedimd the service for whichth'e disk islto be used. After the disk la subjectedto lheat and pressure in the press `.diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. '7. which .pressure may, for example-be as high as several thou-A annesso at pressure whichy may. forexarnplalbe as low as several hundredpoundsper square' inch.

After the disk receives its final heat' and presv sure treatment. it 'preferably has all of its surfaces around in the usual manner to the size desired to produce the nnished continuous or endless disk 2l shown in Fil. 9.

By impresnatingthe tapes I9 and I9, for example. `with vulcanisable rubber compound, it is possible to bring about substantial uniformity of i distribution of the rubber-containing compound throughout the finished disk. which would not j be possible if the impregnation were to be performed after the material was wound up into` avdisk.` And by using a tape of a width of several strandstoproduce an unfinished disk having an axial thickness which is considerably less than the radial thickness ofthe disk, more eifective pressure and more rapid heat penetration can be brought to bear upon the disk with consequent higher density and hardness.. By the term radial thickness is meant the differences between the radius of the outside edge of the disk and the radius of the vinside edge or opening or hole in n 'I'he invention may becarried out in other specic ways than those'herein set forth' without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention, and theV present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all 35 respects as illustrative and not restrictive., and

alency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.

We` claim: j l'. A clutch friction disk formed bf a spirallywound member formed of interlaced strands at least some of which strands have metallic wires wound, and thespirally-wound member having been subjected to"heat and axial pressure to cause its component strands to be compacted into more intimate relationship to form a unitary 3. A clutch friction diskfcrmed of a spirallywound member formed of interlaced strands at all changes coming within the meaning and equivleast some of which strands have metallic wires f extending therealcng, the strandshaving been prior to the member being'spirally wound,` the interlaced strands'providing projections and recesses on eachof opposite sides of the spirallywound member such'that projectionsof each convolution nest with recesses of adjacent con volutions of the spirally-wound member, and the spirally-wound member having been subjected to heat and axialpressure to cause it to be Zcomy pectecmtb e unitary disk with' pr'ciecuons or 95 I treated with heat-hardenable binding material arcanes strands oi.' acacent convolutions which have metallic wires, interengaged.

4. A clutch friction disk formed oi' a spirallywound member formed of strands so interlaced as to provide an open construction, the strands convolutions .of the spirally-wound member, and

the spirally-wound member having been subjected to heat and axial pressure to cause it to be compacted into a unitary disk with projections of adjacent convolutions interengaged.

l 5. The method of making a clutch friction disk comprising: providing a member formed of interlaced strands at least some of which strands have metallic wires extending therealong, the strands having been treated with heathardenable binding material; then spirally winding said member into disk-like form; and then subjecting the spirally-wound member to heat and axial pressure to cause its component strands to be compacted into more intimate relationship to form a unitary disk.

` 6. The method of making a clutch lfriction disk comprising: providing a member formed of strands so interlaced as to provide an open `construction; then treating the open-construction -member with heat-hardenable binding' material;

then spirally the treated member into disk-nire form; and then. subjecting the spirally- .wou'nd member to'heat and axial pressure to cause its component strands to be compacted into l more intimate relationship to form a unitary disk.

7. A clutch friction disk formed of a spirallywound lmember formed of strands so interlaced as to provide an open construction, at least some of which strands have metallic wires extending therealong, the 'strands having been treated with heat-hardenable binding material prior to the member being spirallvy Wound, and the spirally. woundmember having been subjected Vto heat rand axial pressure to cause its component strands to be compacted into more intimate relationship to form a unitary disk.

8. A clutch friction disk formed of a spirallywcund member formed of strands so interlaced as to provide an open construction, at least some of which strands have metallic wires extending therealong, the strands having been treated with heat-hardenable binding material prior to the member being spirally wound, the interlaced strands'providing projections and recesses on each` of opposite sides of the spirally-wound member s uch that projections of each convolution nest with recesses of adjacent convolutions of the spirally-wound member, and the spirallywound member having been subjected to heat andaxial pressure to cause it to be compacted into a unitary disk with projections of adjacent convolutions interengaged.

v 'p ARTHUR D. STROEHLA. Y s LOUIS E. RICHTER. 

